Whitehaven has had guns for some 400 years defending the port and its once vital shipping trade. Many of the guns had started life on board the town's sailing ships; carried on board to protect the shipping from pirates and privateers that operated even in the Irish Sea.
The town's defences were started in 1639 when Sir Christopher Lowther was woken by news of invading Scots at Carlisle. He gave two pieces of ordnance and had the first battery platform built at Old Quay. This was replaced in 1741 by a new stone Fort.
Local historian Ralph Lewthwaite said: "Today, almost every trace of our former defences have gone. Names like, Half Moon Battery, Jack-a Dandy Battery and the Sea Brows and Bransty batteries are confined to the pages of history and the only building from this story still to be seen, although considerably reduced in size and shape, is the fort."
The only unfriendly American invasionJohn Paul Jones was a Scot who had learnt his seafaring trade in Whitehaven and who would become the founding father of the American navy.
After sailing to America on the "Friendship of Whitehaven", Jones grew up as an adopted American - returning to Whitehaven in the late 1770s.
During this time, the wars of independence were playing out and John Paul Jones, now a commander in the Continental Navy set sail for Europe.
In 1778, The Ranger was sailing up the western coast, causing havoc on British vessels.
Whitehaven was the only harbour where Jones and his crew landed - which turned out to be a minor misfortune.
Capt. Allen recalls the story of the story of the John Paul Jones invasion;
"The American sailors sneaking up at night and coming up these stairs, overpowering the pier master to keep his silence.
"And then his boats had the intention of coming into this inner harbour on the tide.
“Of course the old ships and briggs and brigantines, schooners were really thick, piled in here either loading cargo or waiting cargo or whatever and the intention was to set fire to the whole fleet and cause havoc.
“It didn’t come off because I think from the report I’ve seen the American sailors came ashore and got sniff of the rum and beer locally and ended up a little bit tight and went back out to sea with the tails between their legs.”
Paul Jones and the Ranger continued up the coast, but without getting off the ship.
“Here in Whitehaven was the only place where he actually set foot and committed this act of gross aggression as we call it.”
The incident is remembered with a series of statues on the South Harbour quayside, called ‘The Whitehaven Battery’.
Resources:
Whitehaven, the guns of the harbour and their historyBBC Cumbria, Coast, Stage 2Photo by Paul Rowson